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Related Experiment Videos

Selenium deficiency and transsulfuration in the chick.

K M Halpin, D H Baker

    The Journal of Nutrition
    |March 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    Selenium deficiency impairs cysteine formation from methionine in chickens. This impacts growth and metabolic pathways, particularly in certain strains like Hubbard, affecting overall health and nutrient utilization.

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    Area of Science:

    • Animal Nutrition
    • Biochemistry
    • Poultry Science

    Background:

    • Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element crucial for various physiological functions in chickens.
    • Methionine (Met) and cysteine (Cys-Cys) are key sulfur-containing amino acids (SAA) vital for protein synthesis and metabolic processes.
    • Understanding the interplay between Se status and SAA metabolism is important for optimizing poultry diets and health.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of selenium deficiency on the efficiency of cysteine synthesis from methionine in different chicken strains.
    • To evaluate the influence of dietary sulfur-containing amino acid sources on growth and metabolic markers under varying selenium levels.

    Main Methods:

    • Three strains of chickens (Hubbard, Leghorn, crossbred) were fed a Se-deficient crystalline amino acid diet.
    • Diets were supplemented with vitamin E and ethoxyquin, with SAA provided as either Met and Cys-Cys or Met alone.
    • Measurements included growth rate, blood glutathione peroxidase (SeGSH-Px) activity, and plasma amino acid concentrations (cystathionine, homocystine).

    Main Results:

    • Selenium deficiency led to reduced growth and significantly lower blood SeGSH-Px activity in all chicken strains.
    • Dietary SAA source did not affect SeGSH-Px activity or growth in Leghorn and crossbred chicks.
    • Se-deficient Hubbard chicks showed improved growth with Met and Cys-Cys compared to Met alone; plasma cystathionine and Cys-Cys were reduced across strains.

    Conclusions:

    • Selenium deficiency appears to impair the transsulfuration pathway, affecting cysteine formation from methionine in certain chicken strains.
    • Strain-specific differences exist in the response to Se deficiency and dietary SAA composition.
    • These findings highlight the critical role of selenium in sulfur amino acid metabolism for optimal poultry performance.

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