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[Research on the Kosmos biosatellites].

E A Il'in

    Kosmicheskaia Biologiia I Aviakosmicheskaia Meditsina
    |January 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    Soviet biosatellite missions revealed that prolonged weightlessness caused muscle atrophy and bone density loss in rats. Artificial gravity partially mitigated these effects, but weightlessness did not alter radiation sickness severity.

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    [On the effect of centrifugal force upon antitumor resistance of organism].

    Biofizika·2010

    Area of Science:

    • Space Biology
    • Gravitational Biology

    Background:

    • The USSR launched six Cosmos biosatellites between 1970 and 1980.
    • Flights ranged from 6 to 21 days, studying adaptation to weightlessness.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Investigate adaptation of living systems to weightlessness.
    • Determine weightlessness's effect on radiosensitivity.
    • Assess the biological impact of artificial gravity.

    Main Methods:

    • Experiments conducted on 37 species, primarily rats.
    • Exposure to microgravity and 1g artificial gravity.
    • Assessment of physiological and intracellular changes, including response to 137Ce irradiation.

    Main Results:

    • Weightlessness induced moderate stress and musculo-skeletal changes (atrophy, reduced bone strength).
    • In-flight artificial gravity (1g) maintained physiological function.
    • No modifying effect of weightlessness on radiation sickness was observed in rats.
    • Intracellular effects of weightlessness were not distinct; growth and development results varied.

    Conclusions:

    • Weightlessness significantly impacts the musculo-skeletal system.
    • Artificial gravity can counteract some negative effects of microgravity.
    • Weightlessness does not appear to modify radiosensitivity in mammals.

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