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Oxalate (Rumex venosus) poisoning in cattle
Summary
Oxalate poisoning from Rumex venosus caused the death of fifteen range cows. Post-mortem examination revealed hemorrhages, fluid accumulation, and organ damage, particularly in the kidneys where oxalate crystals were identified.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Pathology
- Toxicology
- Ruminant Medicine
Background:
- Rumex venosus (velvet dock) is a plant known to accumulate soluble oxalates.
- Ingestion of oxalate-containing plants can lead to metabolic disturbances and toxicity in livestock.
- Oxalate poisoning is a significant concern in grazing animals, potentially causing fatal outcomes.
Observation:
- Fifteen range cows exhibited acute mortality.
- Gross necropsy revealed widespread ecchymotic and petechial hemorrhages on serosal surfaces.
- Abdominal effusion, enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes, and signs of gastrointestinal and renal damage were noted.
Findings:
- Histopathological examination confirmed catarrhal abomasitis, enteritis, and nephrosis.
- The liver showed signs of fatty infiltration, and the lungs were congested.
- Birefringent crystals, consistent with oxalate crystals, were identified in frozen kidney sections.
Implications:
- This case highlights the potent toxicity of Rumex venosus to cattle.
- Accurate diagnosis requires specific histochemical or crystallographic methods for oxalate identification.
- Management strategies should focus on preventing access to toxic plants in grazing areas.