Reading problems and the ophthalmologist

The ophthalmologist is often faced with patients who come to see him, either primarily or secondarily, with a reading problem. A review of the mechanisms of dyslexia and its many ramifications is presented. Also, a classification is given which helps to categorize the various types of reading disorders, as they are seen. The routine eye exam and special testing can lead to a diagnosis in many cases in the ophthalmologist's office. The treatment is highly individualized and personal and should be given by either highly skilled individuals or in a group or institutional therapy. The lack of evidence that visual treatment or motor treatment in any way improves vision is reviewed extensively. The ophthalmologist should be informed, sympathetic and empathetic, but not necessarily the "captain" of this team that deals with reading problems.