The apical artifact: elevated attenuation values toward the apex of the skull

An artifact that can cause an elevation in CT numbers of as much as 20 Hounsfield units toward the apex of the head is described. This artifact was first noted on the EMI CT1010 scanner but has been observed in other scanners as well. Phantom studies of this artifact have revealed that its primary origin is the beam hardening distortion due to the large amount of bone present in apical cuts. This has been verified by computer simulations. An intuitive explanation of the origin of the artifact is also presented.