Upper limb fractures: contrasting patterns in Transkei and England
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Updated: Aug 10, 2026

Fracture Apparatus Design and Protocol Optimization for Closed-stabilized Fractures in Rodents
Published on: August 14, 2018
Abstract:
The incidence of various fractures resulting from falls onto the outstretched hand in a Transkeian population was compared to that in a British population. Large differences were found, fractures of the distal humerus being much more common in Transkei, as were 'juvenile Colles' ' fractures. Fractures of the clavicle and radial head were correspondingly less common and fractures of the scaphoid were not seen in Transkei. Possible reasons for these differences are discussed.
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