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Constrictive pericardial disease in the dog.

W P Thomas, J R Reed, T G Bauer

    Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
    |March 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    Constrictive pericardial disease in dogs is often idiopathic and presents with ascites and jugular venous distention. Surgical pericardectomy can relieve symptoms, but pulmonary thrombosis is a risk.

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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Medicine
    • Cardiology
    • Pathology

    Background:

    • Constrictive pericardial disease (CPD) affects dogs, leading to impaired cardiac filling.
    • Understanding its clinicopathologic features is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the clinicopathologic features of constrictive pericardial disease in dogs.
    • To identify common causes, clinical signs, diagnostic findings, and outcomes of surgical intervention.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective review of 13 canine cases diagnosed with constrictive pericardial disease.
    • Analysis of clinical history, physical examination findings, diagnostic imaging (angiography), cardiac catheterization, and histopathologic results.
    • Evaluation of surgical outcomes following parietal pericardectomy.

    Main Results:

    • Idiopathic causes predominated (9/13 dogs).
    • Common clinical signs included ascites and jugular venous distention; diminished QRS voltages and cardiac silhouette changes were frequent.
    • Cardiac catheterization showed elevated diastolic pressures, but early diastolic (y) descent was uncommon.
    • Fibrosis involved the parietal pericardium (8/13) or both parietal and epicardial layers (5/13).
    • Parietal pericardectomy relieved symptoms in 6/10 dogs, with pulmonary thrombosis being the primary cause of early mortality.

    Conclusions:

    • Constrictive pericardial disease in dogs has varied etiologies, frequently idiopathic.
    • Clinical and diagnostic findings, particularly elevated diastolic pressures, aid in diagnosis.
    • Surgical pericardectomy offers a potential treatment, though risks like pulmonary thrombosis exist.

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