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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 21, 2026

fMRI Mapping of Brain Activity Associated with the Vocal Production of Consonant and Dissonant Intervals
11:15

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Published on: May 23, 2017

Intonation sensitivity for traditional and nontraditional chords.

L A Roberts, M V Mathews

    The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
    |March 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    Listeners showed varied intonation preferences for musical chords. Some preferred just intonation, while others favored slight deviations for smoother sound.

    Area of Science:

    • Psychoacoustics
    • Music Perception
    • Auditory Neuroscience

    Background:

    • Understanding musical harmony relies on precise frequency relationships.
    • Listeners' perception of consonance and dissonance is influenced by intonation.
    • Nontraditional chords offer insights into auditory system processing of complex harmonic structures.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate listener sensitivity to intonation variations in traditional (major, minor) and nontraditional (3:5:7, 5:7:9) chords.
    • To determine if listeners prefer just intonation or slight deviations in nontraditional chords.
    • To analyze patterns in intonation sensitivity across different chord types.

    Main Methods:

    • Four types of triads (major, minor, 3:5:7, 5:7:9) were synthesized with varying center tones (-30 to +30 cents from just intonation).

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  • Tones contained ten partials with amplitudes decreasing by 9 dB per octave.
  • Subjects compared pairs of chords, judging them for in-tuneness, smoothness, and pleasantness.

    • Main Results:

    • Listeners exhibited regular intonation sensitivity patterns for all chord types.
    • Two distinct listener groups emerged: one preferring just intonation, the other preferring +/- 15 cent deviations.
    • Preferences varied between groups, indicating diverse auditory processing strategies.

    Conclusions:

    • Listener responses to intonation are complex and group-dependent.
    • Nontraditional chords reveal specific perceptual sensitivities.
    • Further research is needed to understand the neural basis of these varied intonation preferences.