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Experimental studies in total artificial heart replacement.

F Iwaya, S Hoshino, T Igari

    Japanese Circulation Journal
    |March 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    Total artificial heart replacements in calves showed improved survival rates after adopting a new sutureless graft surgical method. This advancement in cardiac surgery offers potential for longer-term artificial heart function.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Cardiovascular Surgery
    • Veterinary Medicine

    Background:

    • Total artificial heart (TAH) replacement is a critical intervention for end-stage heart failure.
    • Early TAH models faced challenges with biocompatibility and surgical implantation techniques.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the efficacy and survival outcomes of Thomasu total artificial hearts in a calf model.
    • To assess the impact of a novel sutureless graft implantation technique on TAH performance and longevity.

    Main Methods:

    • Twenty-seven calves underwent TAH replacement using Thomasu or Utah Jarvik 7 devices.
    • A new sutureless graft technique with a stainless steel ring was introduced for aortic and pulmonary artery connections in 1982.
    • Survival rates, causes of death, and device performance were meticulously documented.

    Main Results:

    • Initial TAH implantations showed limited success, with the 20th calf surviving 28 days.
    • Following the adoption of the sutureless graft method, two of six calves survived over one month, with one reaching 66 days.
    • Primary causes of failure included cardiac issues (48%), thrombus formation (19%), and mechanical/surgical failures (14% and 10%, respectively).

    Conclusions:

    • The sutureless graft technique significantly improved survival duration in calves receiving Thomasu total artificial hearts.
    • While challenges like thrombus formation and mechanical failures persist, this study demonstrates progress in TAH implantation and function.
    • Further research into biocompatible materials and improved driving systems is warranted to enhance long-term TAH viability.

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