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"Second wind" during inspiratory loading.

S M Scharf, H Bark, D Heimer

    Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
    |January 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Experiencing "second wind" during breathing exercises indicates a physiological change. This phenomenon involves reduced neural drive to the diaphragm, allowing for sustained effort with less effort.

    Area of Science:

    • Physiology
    • Respiratory Medicine
    • Exercise Science

    Background:

    • Dyspnea, or shortness of breath, is a common symptom during strenuous physical activity.
    • The "second wind" phenomenon is a subjective experience of relief from dyspnea during exercise.
    • The underlying physiological mechanisms of "second wind" remain incompletely understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the physiological correlates of the "second wind" phenomenon during inspiratory resistive breathing.
    • To determine if "second wind" is associated with changes in neural drive to the diaphragm.
    • To explore potential alterations in diaphragmatic contractile function during this phenomenon.

    Main Methods:

    • Five healthy human volunteers performed inspiratory resistive breathing exercises until volitional fatigue.

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  • Transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) was measured to assess inspiratory effort.
  • Electromyography (EMG) of the diaphragm was recorded to evaluate neural stimulation.
  • Changes in lung volume and chest configuration were monitored.

    • Main Results:

    • All subjects reported experiencing "second wind" with associated relief from dyspnea.
    • Episodes of "second wind" were consistently accompanied by a sudden decrease in diaphragmatic EMG activity (neural stimulation).
    • No significant changes in lung volume, chest configuration, or recruitment of accessory inspiratory muscles were observed during "second wind".

    Conclusions:

    • The "second wind" phenomenon has identifiable physiological correlates, specifically a reduction in neural drive to the diaphragm.
    • This suggests an improvement in diaphragmatic contractile efficiency, where the same force is generated with less neural input.
    • The findings support the potential for experimental manipulation and verification of the "second wind" phenomenon.