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Related Experiment Videos

Intra-abdominal Citrobacter infections: association with biliary or upper gastrointestinal source.

P D Lew, A S Baker, L J Kunz

    Surgery
    |April 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    Isolation of Citrobacter organisms from clinical samples strongly suggests an upper gastrointestinal or biliary tract source. This finding aids in identifying the portal of entry for these infections.

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    Area of Science:

    • Infectious Diseases
    • Microbiology
    • Clinical Medicine

    Background:

    • Citrobacter organisms are increasingly recognized as pathogens in healthcare-associated infections.
    • Determining the portal of entry for Citrobacter infections is crucial for effective treatment and prevention.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the association between the isolation of Citrobacter organisms from clinical sites and their portal of entry.
    • To identify the most effective antibiotics against Citrobacter infections.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective review of clinical records of 46 patients with intra-abdominal and/or bacteremic infections caused by Citrobacter.
    • Analysis of culture results from various body sites (intra-abdominal fluid, pleural fluid, blood).

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    Main Results:

    • Isolation of Citrobacter from intra-abdominal or pleural fluid was linked to a biliary tract or upper gastrointestinal source in 36 of 41 patients.
    • The biliary tract or small bowel was the portal of entry for 8 to 13 patients with Citrobacter septicemia.
    • Moxalactam, cefotaxime, and amikacin demonstrated the highest efficacy against Citrobacter in vitro.

    Conclusions:

    • The presence of Citrobacter in blood, pleural fluid, or abdominal cavity strongly indicates the upper gastrointestinal or biliary tract as the primary site of infection.
    • Targeted antibiotic therapy with moxalactam, cefotaxime, or amikacin is recommended for Citrobacter infections.