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Related Experiment Videos

Effect on retaliation of causal attributions concerning attack.

R J Dyck, B G Rule

    Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
    |May 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary

    Men retaliated more aggressively when provocation felt personal and foreseeable, especially under moderate defeat conditions (50%). This suggests perceived control influences aggressive responses in social interactions.

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    Area of Science:

    • Social Psychology
    • Aggression Research

    Background:

    • Understanding factors influencing aggression is crucial in social psychology.
    • Previous research suggests perceived causality and foreseeability impact retaliatory behavior.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate how personal causality attributions, influenced by consensus and foreseeability, affect aggression.
    • To examine the moderating role of defeat levels (17%, 50%, 83%) on these relationships.

    Main Methods:

    • Two experiments involving male participants completing reaction time trials.
    • Participants received aversive noise and had the option to retaliate with electric shock.
    • Independent variables included defeat percentage, social consensus (Experiment 1), and partner foreseeability (Experiment 2).

    Main Results:

    • Aggression differences between high/low consensus and high/low foreseeability were significantly greater in the 50% defeat condition.
    • The 50% defeat condition elicited stronger inferences of personal causality.
    • Participants showed heightened aggression when provocation was perceived as more personal and foreseeable.

    Conclusions:

    • The level of defeat experienced moderates the impact of perceived causality and foreseeability on aggression.
    • Findings support the hypothesis that increased personal causality attributions lead to greater retaliation.
    • Social and situational factors significantly shape aggressive responses in interpersonal conflicts.

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