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Trace elements in serum from Pakistani patients with acute and chronic ischemic heart disease and hypertension
Insights
Serum trace element levels, including copper and cobalt, were elevated in patients with heart disease and hypertension. Specific changes in elements like zinc, iron, and calcium correlated with the severity of ischemic heart disease and myocardial infarction.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Clinical Chemistry
Background:
- Ischemic heart disease (IHD) and hypertension are major cardiovascular diseases.
- Trace elements play crucial roles in physiological processes.
- Altered trace element metabolism is implicated in cardiovascular pathology.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the concentrations of trace elements, cholesterol, triglyceride, and enzymes in patients with IHD and hypertension.
- To correlate these biochemical markers with disease severity and acute events like myocardial infarction.
Main Methods:
- Serum samples were analyzed from 159 IHD/hypertension patients and 50 healthy controls.
- Measurements included trace elements (copper, cobalt, calcium, zinc, iron, nickel, magnesium), cholesterol, triglyceride, and enzymes (AST, ALT, LDH).
Main Results:
- Elevated copper, cobalt, cholesterol, and triglyceride were observed in all patients.
- Decreased calcium was noted in hypertension, acute ischemia, and infarction.
- Acute myocardial infarction showed decreased zinc and iron, but increased nickel, AST, ALT, and LDH.
- Magnesium was lower in acute myocardial ischemia.
- Dynamic changes in trace elements and enzymes occurred during acute myocardial infarction (0-10h vs 21-30h).
Conclusions:
- Serum trace element and enzyme profiles differ significantly between patients with IHD/hypertension and healthy individuals.
- Specific alterations in trace elements like copper, zinc, iron, and calcium correlate with the severity and acute phase of ischemic heart disease and myocardial infarction.
- These findings suggest potential diagnostic or prognostic value of monitoring serum trace elements in cardiovascular disease management.
Abstract:
We examined sera from 159 patients with ischemic heart disease and hypertension and from 50 apparently healthy control subjects for content of trace elements, cholesterol, triglyceride, and enzymes. Concentrations of copper, cobalt, cholesterol, and triglyceride were increased in all patients, but calcium was decreased in patients with hypertension, acute myocardial ischemia, and acute myocardial infarction. Also accompanying acute myocardial infarction were decreased concentrations of zinc and iron but increases in nickel, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase. Magnesium concentration was lower in patients with acute myocardial ischemia. In acute myocardial infarction, the concentrations of copper, zinc, and iron were higher after 21-30 h (as compared with the values at 0-10 h), by which time concentrations of calcium, magnesium, cobalt, and alanine aminotransferase had decreased. The variation in concentration of trace elements in serum from cases of ischemic heart disease and hypertension corresponds to the severity of the disorder.