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Systemic expression of cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity.

H F Dvorak, M E Hammond, R B Colvin

    Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
    |May 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Guinea pigs developed a systemic rash and eosinophilia after antigen challenge, mimicking local cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH). This systemic CBH (SCBH) model offers insights into drug reactions and inflammatory responses.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Dermatology
    • Pathology

    Background:

    • Cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH) is a T-cell mediated immune response characterized by basophil infiltration in the skin.
    • Systemic manifestations of hypersensitivity reactions are not fully understood, particularly concerning organ-specific inflammatory patterns.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the development and characteristics of systemic cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (SCBH) in guinea pigs.
    • To compare the histological and cellular features of SCBH with local CBH reactions.
    • To explore the potential of SCBH as an animal model for human diseases.

    Main Methods:

    • Guinea pigs were sensitized to specific antigens (proteins or sheep erythrocytes).
    • Animals were challenged parenterally with the specific antigen to induce systemic reactions.

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  • Skin, lung, spleen, and thymus tissues were examined histologically.
  • Cellular infiltrates (eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes) were quantified.

    • Main Results:

    • Parenteral antigen challenge induced a delayed-onset, maculopapular rash resembling local CBH.
    • The rash peaked 5-7 days post-immunization, coinciding with optimal local skin test reactivity.
    • Systemic CBH (SCBH) involved papillary dermal infiltrates of basophils and lymphocytes, with superficial venule changes.
    • Animals showed transient eosinophilia (24 hr) followed by basophilia (48 hr).
    • Focal eosinophil and basophil collections were observed in lungs, spleen, and thymus medulla.

    Conclusions:

    • SCBH shares key features with local CBH, including histology and carrier specificity.
    • Organ-specific differences in inflammatory cell infiltration suggest local regulatory factors.
    • SCBH may serve as a valuable model for human conditions like drug reactions involving systemic rash and eosinophilia.