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Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:

Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management

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Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...

Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations

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Asthma presents with a characteristic pattern of episodic respiratory symptoms that reflect underlying airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus hypersecretion. Although severity varies among individuals, certain clinical manifestations are considered hallmarks of the disorder and often guide diagnosis and assessment.Respiratory SymptomsA persistent cough is one of the most common early features of asthma. It is frequently dry and tends to worsen at night or in the early morning,...

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Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma

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Published on: November 5, 2010

Is there a unifying hypothesis for exercise-induced asthma?

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

|May 1, 1984

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Water loss, not heat loss, triggers exercise-induced asthma (EIA). Evaporative water loss from airways changes fluid osmolarity, causing bronchoconstriction. This finding requires further investigation.

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Conducting Maximal and Submaximal Endurance Exercise Testing to Measure Physiological and Biological Responses to Acute Exercise in Humans

Conducting Maximal and Submaximal Endurance Exercise Testing to Measure Physiological and Biological Responses to Acute Exercise in Humans

Published on: October 17, 2018

Area of Science:

Respiratory Medicine
Exercise Physiology

Background:

Exercise-induced asthma (EIA) is a common condition.
The primary stimulus for EIA has been debated, with heat loss being a leading hypothesis.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of water loss versus heat loss as the primary stimulus for EIA.
To propose and support a new hypothesis for EIA mechanisms.

Main Methods:

Review of existing evidence on EIA triggers.
Analysis of the relationship between inspired air conditions, water loss, and airway response.

Main Results:

EIA can occur even when airway cooling is minimal, suggesting heat loss is not the sole factor.
Airway responses are reproducible when water loss is constant, regardless of inspired air temperature.
Expired air water concentration correlates well with airway response, supporting the role of water loss.

Conclusions:

Evaporative water loss from airway mucosa, leading to transient changes in epithelial fluid osmolarity, is a more potent stimulus for bronchoconstriction in EIA than airway cooling.
This water-loss hypothesis offers a plausible explanation for known EIA phenomena and warrants further research.