Evidence for a directional correspondence between eye movements and dream imagery in REM sleep

We examined the relationship between eye movement direction in REM sleep recorded by electrooculograph (EOG) and gaze direction in dream imagery. In a double-blind protocol, carefully screened and trained subjects were awakened subsequent to direct coupled EOG activity that was either predominantly horizontal or vertical. Following a target eye movement that fulfilled predetermined amplitude and directional criteria, a brief period of ocular quiescence was allowed to transpire before the subject was awakened. The dream narratives and EOG activity occurring prior to the REM awakenings were each reduced to a series of quantitatively scaled ratings. Analyses of variance demonstrated that when the confidence level of the experimenters' prediction is taken into account, statistically significant relationships exist between the number and direction of shifts of gaze in the dream report and scaled measurements of the corresponding EOG. When given dream narratives and the corresponding EOG recordings in sets of four, judges were unable to match them correctly better than by chance. However, in the above matching, judges significantly paired the dream narratives with EOG recordings that were in the same axis of gaze.