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Low-temperature dormancy in fish.

L I Crawshaw

    The American Journal of Physiology
    |April 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Low ambient temperatures induce winter dormancy in fish like the brown bullhead and largemouth bass. These fish exhibit reduced activity and altered physiological responses, impacting their survival strategies.

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    Area of Science:

    • Physiology
    • Animal Behavior
    • Environmental Science

    Background:

    • Winter dormancy is crucial for fish survival in cold environments.
    • Understanding the physiological adaptations of fish to low temperatures is essential.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the physiological importance of low ambient temperature on winter dormancy in brown bullhead and largemouth bass.
    • To examine behavioral and metabolic responses to cold acclimation in these fish species.

    Main Methods:

    • Observation of sleep-like states and arousal thresholds at varying temperatures.
    • Measurement of spontaneous activity, selected temperatures, and food intake.
    • Analysis of respiratory patterns and brain temperature regulation using implanted thermodes.

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  • Metabolic rate assessment across a range of acclimation temperatures.

    • Main Results:

    • Brown bullheads entered sleep-like states at low temperatures, with arousal inversely proportional to ambient temperature.
    • Both species showed decreased activity below 7 degrees C and selected lower temperatures after 3 degrees C acclimation.
    • Largemouth bass exhibited very low food intake at acclimation temperatures of 8 degrees C and below.
    • Brown bullheads displayed discontinuous breathing controlled by the medulla, with secondary influences from the hypothalamus and midbrain.
    • Metabolism measurements revealed no evidence of metabolic shutdown in either species between 3 and 17 degrees C.

    Conclusions:

    • Low ambient temperatures significantly influence fish physiology, inducing dormancy-like states and altering behavior.
    • Fish possess complex regulatory mechanisms to cope with cold, including behavioral thermoregulation and modified respiratory patterns.
    • While physiological adjustments occur, complete metabolic shutdown was not observed in the studied temperature range.