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Related Experiment Videos

Ammonia transport by the turtle urinary bladder.

J A Arruda, G Dytko, L Withers

    The American Journal of Physiology
    |May 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

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    Turtle bladders transport ammonia via both uncharged ammonia (NH3) and charged ammonium (NH4+). Different pH conditions reveal distinct transport mechanisms and permeabilities for NH3 and NH4+ across the bladder wall.

    Area of Science:

    • Physiology
    • Comparative Anatomy
    • Renal Transport Mechanisms

    Background:

    • Ammonia is a key waste product that requires efficient excretion.
    • The turtle bladder serves as a model for studying urinary concentrating and ammonia transport mechanisms.
    • Understanding the differential transport of ammonia species (NH3 and NH4+) is crucial for comprehending nitrogenous waste handling in reptiles.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the mechanisms and characteristics of ammonia transport across the turtle bladder.
    • To determine the relative contributions and permeabilities of uncharged ammonia (NH3) and ammonium ions (NH4+) to transcellular transport.
    • To explore the influence of pH and solute concentration on ammonia flux and identify potential transport pathways.

    Main Methods:

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Ammonia transport was studied by altering ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) concentrations and pH in serosal (S) and mucosal (M) solutions bathing the turtle bladder.
  • Transepithelial ammonia flow was measured under varying conditions to assess permeability and transport rates.
  • Short-circuit current measurements were used to evaluate the electrogenic nature of ammonia transport.

    • Main Results:

    • Ammonia transport occurs via both NH3 and NH4+; NH3 permeability (S-M) is significantly higher than NH4+ permeability.
    • Transport direction and magnitude are pH-dependent, with different permeabilities observed for NH4+ across serosal and mucosal membranes.
    • Ammonia transport exhibits both linear and saturation kinetics depending on NH4Cl concentration and pH, and competitive inhibition by methylamine suggests a common carrier system.

    Conclusions:

    • The turtle bladder actively transports ammonia, utilizing distinct pathways for NH3 and NH4+.
    • Ammonia transport can be electrogenic, particularly for NH4+ at lower pH, indicating the involvement of ion channels or carriers.
    • The findings highlight the complex and adaptable nature of ammonia excretion in reptiles, influenced by physiological conditions.