Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 14, 2026

An Improved Method for Rapid Intubation of the Trachea in Mice
Published on: February 22, 2016
Atropine increases inspiratory flow during enflurane anaesthesia after pethidine premedication
Abstract:
The effects of atropine i.v. on inspired volume and occlusion pressure were measured in three groups of patients. Group PE received premedication with pethidine 50 mg and promethazine 12.5 mg i.m., and anaesthesia was provided by 2% enflurane in 67% nitrous oxide. Group TE received temazepam 20 mg orally for premedication and similar anaesthesia. Group TH received temazepam premedication and 1% halothane in 67% nitrous oxide. Atropine 0.02 mg kg-1 i.v. increased significantly the inspiratory flow in the first 1 s of inspiration, and this effect was greater in the group that received pethidine (9% increase in flow). However, occlusion pressure did not change, and minute volume was not altered. The results suggest that atropine increases inspiratory flow after pethidine premedication without increasing the force developed during inspiration, possibly by bronchodilatation.
Related Concept Videos
Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses
Adrenergic Agonists: Mixed-Action Agents
Ephedrine and pseudoephedrine lack a catecholamine group, making them less susceptible to degradation by metabolic enzymes. They have increased oral bioavailability and lipophilicity, resulting in a longer duration of action. Their response is reduced by...
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview
Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview
Antiasthma Drugs: Methylxanthines
Theophylline is thought to inhibit phosphodiesterase enzymes, increasing intracellular levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). This rise in cAMP and cGMP concentrations stimulates cardiac function,...
Endotracheal Intubation I: Procedure
The ET tube comprises various components, including a standard adaptor to attach a bag-valve-mask (BVM) or ventilator, a cuff, a pilot balloon, and radiopaque markings along its length to measure the insertion distance. The tube sizes...

