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Related Experiment Videos

Sound priming in beginning readers.

P Reitsma

    Child Development
    |April 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    Beginning readers use phonological information to access word meaning, a process that aids semantic interpretation. This phonemic code is crucial for early reading development but less so for fluent readers.

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    Area of Science:

    • Cognitive Psychology
    • Developmental Psychology
    • Linguistics

    Background:

    • Debate exists on whether beginning readers access word meaning directly from print or via phonological processing.
    • Understanding the role of phonological codes is key to explaining reading acquisition.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate if beginning readers utilize phonological information for lexical access.
    • To determine the developmental trajectory of phonological processing in reading.

    Main Methods:

    • Five experiments were conducted with children aged 7-12.
    • Participants performed semantic interpretation tasks with visual word stimuli.
    • Auditory speech sounds were presented before word displays to assess effects on decision times.

    Main Results:

    • Phonological similarity between presented sounds and word pronunciations facilitated semantic interpretation for beginning readers.
    • This facilitative effect was observed across familiar and unfamiliar orthographies.
    • Fluent readers showed no significant effect from the phonological manipulation.

    Conclusions:

    • Beginning readers, particularly those with lower reading skill, employ intermediate phonemic codes for lexical access.
    • Phonological processing plays a vital role in the early stages of reading development.
    • The reliance on phonemic codes diminishes as reading fluency increases.

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