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Related Concept Videos

Centrosome Duplication02:25

Centrosome Duplication

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The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...
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Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

Gene Duplication and Divergence

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The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
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Duplication of Chromatin Structure02:05

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

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The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
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What is Monogastric Digestion?01:50

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The human body contains a monogastric digestive system. In a monogastric digestive system, the stomach only contains one chamber in which it digests food. Several other animal species also have monogastric digestive systems, including pigs, horses, dogs, and birds. This chapter, however, focuses on the human digestive system.
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Gene Families01:57

Gene Families

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Gene families consist of groups of genes proposed to have originated from a common ancestor. Typically these arise through events in which a gene or genes are mistakenly duplicated during cell division. Unlike their parent genes (which are subject to selection pressure to maintain function), these gene copies do not need to preserve their sequences and may evolve at a relatively faster rate.
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Interphase00:54

Interphase

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The cell cycle occurs over approximately 24 hours (in a typical human cell) and in two distinct stages: interphase, which includes three phases of the cell cycle (G1, S, and G2), and mitosis (M). During interphase, which takes up about 95 percent of the duration of the eukaryotic cell cycle, cells grow and replicate their DNA in preparation for mitosis.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting
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Pyloric duplication in a preterm neonate.

M Bommen, M P Singh

    Journal of Pediatric Surgery
    |April 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A premature infant experienced hyperbilirubinemia and vomiting due to a gastric duplication cyst. Surgical removal of this rare congenital anomaly from the pyloric region was successful.

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    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Surgery
    • Congenital Anomalies
    • Gastrointestinal Diseases

    Background:

    • Gastric duplication cysts are rare congenital anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract.
    • They can present with various symptoms depending on size and location.

    Observation:

    • A five-day-old premature infant presented with significant hyperbilirubinemia, vomiting, and a palpable abdominal mass.
    • Clinical presentation suggested a possible gastrointestinal obstruction or mass.

    Findings:

    • Laparotomy revealed a gastric duplication cyst originating from the pyloric region.
    • The cyst was successfully excised, confirming a diagnosis of congenital gastric duplication.

    Implications:

    • Early diagnosis and surgical intervention are crucial for managing gastric duplication cysts in neonates.
    • This case highlights the importance of considering rare congenital anomalies in the differential diagnosis of neonatal abdominal masses and gastrointestinal distress.