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Vestibulospinal reflexes as a function of microgravity.

M F Reschke, D J Anderson, J L Homick

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |July 13, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Spaceflight alters balance control by affecting otolith organ input to spinal motoneurons. This study investigated changes in postural control and Hoffmann reflex during and after microgravity exposure.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Space Physiology
    • Human Adaptation

    Background:

    • Sustained microgravity is known to affect sensory systems, particularly the vestibular system.
    • The otolith organs provide crucial information for maintaining postural control.
    • Adaptation to microgravity necessitates modifications in the nervous system's control of posture.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate how sustained microgravity alters postural control by examining the otolith-spinal motoneuron pathway.
    • To assess changes in motoneuron excitability and dynamic postural responses before, during, and after spaceflight.

    Main Methods:

    • Measuring Hoffmann reflex amplitude to assess soleus-spinal motoneuron pool excitability during linear acceleration.
    • Conducting dynamic postural testing on a moving platform to evaluate balance strategies pre- and post-flight.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Correlating in-flight motion sickness symptoms with post-flight Hoffmann reflex amplitude.

    • Main Results:

    • Hoffmann reflex amplitude was reduced in-flight after adaptation, with post-flight potentiation possibly linked to adaptation rate.
    • In-flight motion sickness severity correlated with post-flight Hoffmann reflex amplitude.
    • Dynamic posture tests revealed significant post-flight deviations, indicating modified balance strategies and reduced motion awareness.

    Conclusions:

    • Sustained microgravity leads to adaptive changes in the otolith-spinal motoneuron pathway, affecting postural control.
    • The observed alterations in Hoffmann reflex and dynamic balance suggest a recalibration of sensory-motor integration in response to altered otolith input.
    • These findings provide insights into the neural mechanisms underlying space adaptation and the potential for residual effects on balance post-flight.