[Diabetes mellitus and myocardial infarct]

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Endocrinology
• Internal Medicine

Background:

• Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant comorbidity in patients with myocardial infarction (MI).
• Understanding the impact of DM on MI presentation and recovery is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare the clinical characteristics, recovery patterns, and prognostic indicators of MI in patients with and without DM.
• To identify specific challenges and unfavorable prognostic signs in diabetic patients experiencing MI.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of case histories from 106 patients with MI and DM versus 106 patients with MI without DM.
• Comparison of clinical presentation (including pain manifestation), rehabilitation duration, electrocardiogram (ECG) dynamics, complication rates, and laboratory markers.

Main Results:

• Diabetic patients exhibited a higher incidence of painless MI, regardless of diabetes severity.
• Patients with DM and MI demonstrated slower rehabilitation and delayed reverse ECG dynamics.
• While overall complication rates were similar, myocardial rupture was more frequent in females across both groups.
• Elevated leukocytosis, accelerated ESR, high SGOT/LDH, and hypercoagulemia with slow normalization were associated with an unfavorable prognosis in diabetic MI patients.

Conclusions:

• Diabetes mellitus significantly influences the presentation and recovery of myocardial infarction, often leading to atypical and painless forms.
• Specific laboratory findings in diabetic patients with MI indicate an unfavorable prognosis and necessitate cautious management and extended rehabilitation.
• Further research into optimizing treatment strategies for diabetic patients with MI is warranted.