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The development of word recognition processes.

G Underwood, P Briggs

    British Journal of Psychology (London, England : 1953)
    |May 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Children

    Area of Science:

    • Cognitive Psychology
    • Developmental Psychology
    • Neuroscience

    Background:

    • Automatic word recognition involves processing words without conscious effort.
    • Developmental differences in automatic word recognition are not fully understood.
    • Investigating how semantic, graphemic, and phonemic processing develops is crucial.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To examine the developmental trajectory of automatic word recognition.
    • To compare word recognition processes in skilled adult readers and children with varying reading abilities.
    • To identify the specific processing deficits in poor readers.

    Main Methods:

    • Two experiments were conducted using a distractor word paradigm.
    • Experiment 1 involved naming a line drawing; Experiment 2 involved naming a printed word.

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  • Distractor words varied in semantic, graphemic, and phonemic similarity to the target stimulus.

    • Main Results:

    • All participants showed semantic interference and graphemic priming in Experiment 1.
    • Children exhibited phonemic priming in Experiment 1.
    • In Experiment 2, only poor readers showed semantic interference; graphemic and phonemic effects were absent across groups.

    Conclusions:

    • Poor readers demonstrate sensitivity to semantic, graphemic, and phonemic word codes.
    • Reading age differences are likely due to post-lexical processes, including text integration and articulation.
    • Automatic word recognition develops with distinct stages, with later stages being more susceptible to reading ability differences.