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Changes in human skeletal muscle induced by long-term eccentric exercise.

J Fridén

    Cell and Tissue Research
    |January 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
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    High-tension eccentric training caused significant muscle fiber changes, particularly in fast-twitch fibers. This reorganization enhances muscle stretchability and reduces injury risk.

    Area of Science:

    • Exercise physiology
    • Muscle biology
    • Cellular adaptation

    Background:

    • Muscle fibers undergo structural changes in response to training.
    • Eccentric exercise places high tension on muscles, potentially leading to micro-damage and adaptation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the ultrastructural changes in muscle fibers after a two-month eccentric training program.
    • To compare these changes with non-exercised controls.

    Main Methods:

    • Electron microscopy was used to examine muscle fiber fine structure.
    • Comparison of muscle specimens from trained individuals and sedentary controls.

    Main Results:

    • Eccentric training induced alterations in myofibrillar architecture, including Z-band abnormalities and extra sarcomeres.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Type-2 (fast-twitch) fibers were predominantly affected, showing increased variation in sarcomere length.
  • Ultrastructural changes included Z-band disorganization and the presence of myofilaments, glycogen, and ribosomes between separated Z-bands.
  • Conclusions:

    • High-tension muscular work, particularly eccentric training, causes significant fine-structural alterations in muscle fibers.
    • These adaptations, especially in Type-2 fibers, likely improve muscle stretchability and reduce mechanical damage.
    • The observed reorganization optimizes actin-myosin filament overlap for improved muscle function.