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Related Experiment Videos

Impact performance of bicycle helmets.

P J Bishop, B D Briard

    Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Sciences. Journal Canadien Des Sciences Appliquees Au Sport
    |June 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study found significant differences in bicycle helmet protection. Helmets with polystyrene liners offer superior impact absorption, but this benefit diminishes after repeated impacts.

    Area of Science:

    • Biomechanics
    • Sports Engineering
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Bicycle helmets are crucial safety devices for preventing head injuries.
    • Variability in helmet design and materials may affect protective performance.
    • Standardized testing is essential to evaluate and compare helmet safety.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the protective performance of seven bicycle helmet brands.
    • To evaluate helmet response under different impact locations and heights.
    • To assess the effectiveness of different liner materials (polystyrene vs. soft foam).

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized an instrumented Hodgson-WSU headform for drop testing.
    • Impacts were conducted at front, rear, left side, and right front boss locations.

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  • Drop heights varied between 1.0m and 1.75m.
  • Analyzed acceleration data to calculate peak acceleration and Gadd Severity Index (GSI).

    • Main Results:

    • Significant differences in protection were observed between helmet brands and impact locations.
    • Helmets with crushable polystyrene liners demonstrated superior performance compared to soft foam liners.
    • The protective advantage of polystyrene liners decreased after consecutive impacts on the same location.
    • Gadd Severity Index (GSI) values generally ranged from 800-1200, with two helmets exceeding 1500.

    Conclusions:

    • Not all bicycle helmets provide equivalent protection levels.
    • Polystyrene liners offer better impact mitigation, but their durability under repeated impacts needs consideration.
    • Helmet design and material choice significantly influence head protection efficacy.