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Related Concept Videos

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

104
Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

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Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
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Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

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Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs01:25

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis
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Anaphylaxis following psyllium ingestion.

G P Zaloga, U R Hierlwimmer, R J Engler

    The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
    |July 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    Anaphylaxis can occur after consuming psyllium, a common bulk laxative ingredient. This IgE-mediated allergic reaction was confirmed through skin tests and elevated IgE levels to psyllium seed.

    Area of Science:

    • Allergy and Immunology
    • Gastroenterology

    Background:

    • Psyllium is a widely used hydrophilic agent in bulk laxative formulations.
    • Bulk laxatives are commonly recommended for managing constipation.

    Observation:

    • A case of anaphylaxis following the ingestion of a psyllium-containing laxative is reported.
    • The patient experienced an allergic reaction after consuming the product.

    Findings:

    • The anaphylactic reaction was determined to be IgE-mediated.
    • Diagnostic evidence included a positive immediate skin test to psyllium.
    • Further confirmation involved a positive passive transfer skin test and elevated IgE (RAST) to psyllium seed, with no reaction using heat-treated serum.

    Implications:

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  • This case highlights the potential for severe allergic reactions to psyllium.
  • Healthcare providers should consider psyllium allergy in patients presenting with anaphylaxis after laxative use.
  • Awareness of psyllium as a potential allergen is crucial for patient safety.