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Related Experiment Videos

Energetic efficiency and mitochondrial function in rats fed trans fatty acids.

R De Schrijver, O S Privett

    The Journal of Nutrition
    |July 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    Dietary trans fatty acids, specifically trans,trans-18:2 (t,t18:2), negatively impact energy utilization and mitochondrial function in rats. Even with high linoleate intake, t,t18:2 significantly depresses energetic efficiency and ATP synthesis.

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    Area of Science:

    • Nutrition Science
    • Biochemistry
    • Mitochondrial Physiology

    Background:

    • Dietary fats significantly influence metabolic processes.
    • Trans fatty acids (TFAs) are known to have adverse health effects, but their specific impact on energy metabolism and mitochondrial function requires further elucidation.
    • Safflower oil is rich in linoleate, an essential omega-6 fatty acid.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of specific dietary trans fatty acids, elaidic acid (t18:1) and trans,trans-18:2 (t,t18:2), on the energetic efficiency and liver mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in growing rats.
    • To determine if the presence of linoleate influences the impact of TFAs.
    • To establish a dose-response relationship for t,t18:2 on energy utilization.

    Main Methods:

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  • Growing male rats were fed diets supplemented with 10% fat, including safflower oil (SAF) alone or in mixtures with partially hydrogenated soybean oil (PHSO) or a trans fatty acid concentrate (TRANS).
  • Diets varied in their content of linoleate and specific TFAs (t18:1 and t,t18:2).
  • Energetic efficiency was assessed through energy balance experiments, and oxidative phosphorylation was measured using isolated liver mitochondria.

    • Main Results:

    • Dietary treatments did not affect basal metabolic rate or metabolizable energy values.
    • Partially hydrogenated soybean oil (PHSO) did not alter energy utilization or mitochondrial function compared to safflower oil.
    • Increasing levels of trans,trans-18:2 (t,t18:2) significantly reduced the efficiency of metabolizable energy utilization and depressed mitochondrial ATP synthesis, with effects observed at 2% and 5% dietary TRANS.
    • A direct correlation was found between t,t18:2 incorporation into liver mitochondria, reduced mitochondrial function, and decreased energetic efficiency.

    Conclusions:

    • Trans,trans-18:2 (t,t18:2) exerts a significant negative effect on energy utilization and mitochondrial oxidative function in rats.
    • These detrimental effects occur even at relatively low dietary levels (1.0% and 2.5%) and in the presence of high concentrations of linoleate.
    • Dietary elaidic acid (t18:1) from PHSO did not show significant adverse effects on energy metabolism or mitochondrial function in this study.