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Work and pregnancy.

M C Marbury, S Linn, R R Monson

    Journal of Occupational Medicine. : Official Publication of the Industrial Medical Association
    |June 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Working during pregnancy showed no adverse effects on infant outcomes like birth weight or prematurity. Women working full-term had even better outcomes than non-working peers.

    Area of Science:

    • Obstetrics and Gynecology
    • Occupational Health
    • Perinatal Medicine

    Background:

    • Maternal employment during pregnancy is common, raising questions about potential risks to pregnancy outcomes.
    • Previous studies have yielded mixed results regarding the safety of working during gestation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the association between maternal employment during pregnancy and various adverse perinatal outcomes.
    • To compare outcomes for women working different durations and those not employed.

    Main Methods:

    • A comparative study involving 7,155 employed pregnant women and 4,018 non-employed women.
    • Analysis of pregnancy outcomes including prematurity, Apgar score, birth weight, perinatal death, and malformations.
    • Subgroup analysis of working women based on duration of employment (early exit vs. working to term).

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    Main Results:

    • No significant differences in prematurity, Apgar scores, birth weight, perinatal death, or malformations between working and non-working groups.
    • Women working throughout pregnancy exhibited lower adverse outcome rates compared to early-exiting workers and non-workers.
    • Increased risk of prolonged gestational age in primiparous working women; increased fetal distress in multiparous women exiting work early.
    • Slight decrease in birth weight observed only in women leaving work before term.

    Conclusions:

    • Working during pregnancy, particularly to term, is not associated with increased adverse perinatal outcomes.
    • Specific subgroups may face slightly elevated risks (prolonged gestation, fetal distress), warranting further investigation.
    • Overall, maternal employment is not an independent risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes.