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A comparison of the serologic responses to oral and injectable trivalent poliovirus vaccines
Insights
This study compared oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) and inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) in US children. Both vaccines generated similar antibody levels initially, but IPV showed higher antibody titers for poliovirus types 2 and 3 by 20 months.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Vaccinology
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Poliovirus remains a global public health concern, necessitating effective vaccination strategies.
- Oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) and inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) are primary tools for poliovirus prevention.
- Understanding the comparative immunogenicity of OPV and IPV in diverse populations is crucial for optimizing vaccination schedules.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the immunogenicity of oral trivalent poliovirus vaccine (OPV) and injectable inactivated trivalent poliovirus vaccine (IPV) in United States children.
- To assess antibody responses to all three poliovirus serotypes following primary and booster vaccinations.
- To evaluate long-term antibody persistence and geometric mean titers (GMTs) at different age points.
Main Methods:
- Randomized trial involving US infants assigned to receive either OPV or IPV at 2, 4, and 18 months of age.
- Sera collected from participants at 2, 4, 6, 18, and 20 months of age.
- Analysis of neutralizing antibodies against poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3, including assessment of antibody prevalence and GMTs.
Main Results:
- Antibody responses were comparable between OPV and IPV groups at 2 months of age for all poliovirus types.
- By 20 months of age, nearly all children in both groups had detectable antibodies against all three poliovirus types.
- The IPV group demonstrated significantly higher GMTs against poliovirus types 2 and 3 at 20 months compared to the OPV group.
Conclusions:
- Both OPV and IPV are effective in inducing protective antibody levels against poliovirus in infants.
- IPV may elicit a more robust and potentially longer-lasting antibody response against specific poliovirus serotypes (2 and 3) in young children.
- Further research may inform optimal vaccine choices and schedules for global poliovirus eradication efforts.
Abstract:
United States children two months of age were randomly assigned to two groups that received either the commercially available oral trivalent poliovirus vaccine ( OPV ) or an injectable (inactivated) trivalent poliovirus vaccine (IPV) with a confirmed minimum D-antigen content of 27, 3.5, and 29 units for poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Vaccine was given at two, four, and 18 months of age. Sera obtained from 439 children at two, four, and six months of age and from 85 children at 18 and 20 months of age were examined for neutralizing antibodies. The percentage of children with detectable antibodies and the reciprocal geometric mean titers were similar for both groups at two months of age for antibodies to all three poliovirus types. At 20 months of age, all children but one had detectable antibodies to all three poliovirus types. Significantly higher geometric mean titers against types 2 and 3 were noted at 20 months of age for the IPV group.