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Trunk movements in human locomotion.

A Thorstensson, J Nilsson, H Carlson

    Acta Physiologica Scandinavica
    |May 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Trunk movements during walking and running show distinct oscillations in vertical, forward-backward, and lateral directions. These trunk movements adapt to speed and gait, influencing equilibrium control.

    Area of Science:

    • Biomechanics
    • Human Locomotion
    • Kinetics and Kinematics

    Background:

    • Understanding human trunk movement is crucial for analyzing gait biomechanics.
    • Previous research has explored trunk motion during locomotion, but detailed analysis across different speeds and gaits is ongoing.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate trunk movements in the frontal and sagittal planes during walking and running at various speeds.
    • To analyze the linear and angular displacements, amplitudes, and phase relationships of trunk oscillations relative to the stride cycle.

    Main Methods:

    • 10 healthy males (18-35 years) performed walking (1.0-2.5 m/s) and running (2.0-6.0 m/s) on a treadmill.
    • Trunk movements were recorded using a Selspot optoelectronic system.
    • Analysis included linear and angular displacements, amplitudes, and phase relationships during the stride cycle.

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    Main Results:

    • The trunk exhibited two oscillations in vertical and forward-backward directions, and one in the lateral direction per stride cycle.
    • Oscillation magnitudes and timing varied with speed and gait.
    • Net angular trunk tilting in the frontal plane increased with speed (3-10 degrees).
    • Mean forward trunk inclination increased with speed (6 to 13 degrees).
    • Peak inclinations showed specific timing relative to the leg support phase, differing between walking and running.

    Conclusions:

    • Trunk movement adaptations to speed and gait are linked to changing mechanical conditions and equilibrium control demands.
    • Differences in support phase duration and leg movements influence trunk motion patterns.