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Phencyclidine-induced malignant hyperthermia causing submassive liver necrosis.

R Armen, G Kanel, T Reynolds

    The American Journal of Medicine
    |July 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    Phencyclidine (PCP) abuse can cause severe hyperthermia, leading to complications like liver necrosis. This study highlights liver injury as an unusual but serious outcome of PCP intoxication.

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    Area of Science:

    • Toxicology
    • Hepatology
    • Emergency Medicine

    Background:

    • Phencyclidine (PCP) is a dissociative drug known for its psychoactive effects.
    • PCP intoxication can manifest with aggressive behavior, hyperthermia, and central nervous system depression.

    Observation:

    • Three male patients presented with PCP intoxication, exhibiting aggressive behavior and severe hyperthermia.
    • These patients subsequently developed respiratory failure, coma, and signs of acute liver injury.

    Findings:

    • Elevated serum transaminases and bilirubin, with decreased prothrombin activity, indicated significant liver damage.
    • Liver biopsies revealed perivenular necrosis, consistent with submassive liver injury.
    • Malignant hyperthermia secondary to PCP intoxication was implicated as the cause of liver necrosis.

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    Implications:

    • This report identifies submassive liver necrosis as a rare but critical complication of phencyclidine abuse.
    • Clinicians should consider PCP intoxication in patients presenting with hyperthermia and acute liver failure.
    • Further research is needed to understand the pathophysiology and management of PCP-induced hyperthermia and liver injury.