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Related Experiment Videos

Aging and health: a longitudinal study.

K S Markides, D M Timbers, J S Osberg

    Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics
    |May 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    Older adults face health disadvantages, but the double jeopardy hypothesis is not fully supported. Factors like ethnicity and sex showed complex effects on health decline in this longitudinal study.

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    Area of Science:

    • Gerontology
    • Sociology of Health
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • The double jeopardy hypothesis posits that individuals with multiple marginalized identities experience compounded disadvantages.
    • This study examines the intersection of age, ethnicity, sex, and socioeconomic status on health outcomes in older adults.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To test the double jeopardy hypotheses regarding health disadvantages in aging, ethnic minority status, female sex, lower socioeconomic status, and unmarried status.
    • To analyze changes in health over a four-year period in older Mexican Americans and Anglos.

    Main Methods:

    • Longitudinal study design over four years.
    • Multivariate analysis of health changes.
    • Inclusion of deceased subjects in analysis by assigning lowest health scores.

    Main Results:

    • Little support for double jeopardy predictions regarding ethnicity, sex, and marital status when analyzing health changes.
    • Inclusion of deceased subjects strengthened the age-health decline relationship.
    • Inclusion of deceased subjects altered the sex-health decline relationship, suggesting greater decline in men.

    Conclusions:

    • The double jeopardy hypothesis requires nuanced consideration, as not all intersecting disadvantages uniformly predict health decline.
    • Accounting for mortality in longitudinal health studies significantly impacts findings, particularly concerning age and sex effects.
    • Methodological choices, such as handling dropouts, have critical implications for understanding aging and health trajectories.

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