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Related Experiment Videos

Cardiac structure and function in cyclists and runners. Comparative echocardiographic study.

R Fagard, A Aubert, J Staessen

    British Heart Journal
    |August 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    Cyclists and runners show distinct heart adaptations. Cyclists develop disproportionately thicker left ventricular walls due to isometric exertion, while runners exhibit proportionate increases, suggesting different cardiac remodeling in endurance athletes.

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    Area of Science:

    • Cardiology
    • Sports Medicine
    • Exercise Physiology

    Background:

    • Athletes exhibit cardiac structural and functional adaptations to training.
    • Understanding these adaptations is crucial for differentiating physiological changes from pathology.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare cardiac structure and function in cyclists and long-distance runners versus non-athlete controls.
    • To investigate the specific cardiac remodeling patterns associated with endurance versus mixed-intensity training.

    Main Methods:

    • Echocardiography was used to assess cardiac dimensions and function in 12 cyclists, 12 runners, and 24 non-athletes.
    • Cardiopulmonary exercise testing measured peak oxygen uptake.
    • Left ventricular wall thickness, internal diameter, and wall stress were analyzed.

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    Main Results:

    • Athletes had larger left ventricular internal diameter and wall thickness than controls.
    • Cyclists showed greater left ventricular wall thickness and cross-sectional area relative to internal diameter compared to runners.
    • Left ventricular function was similar between athletes and controls, but systolic wall stress was lower in cyclists.

    Conclusions:

    • Endurance athletes exhibit cardiac hypertrophy, with distinct patterns in cyclists versus runners.
    • Cyclists' cardiac remodeling appears disproportionate, likely due to isometric exertion, while runners show proportionate increases.
    • These findings highlight sport-specific cardiac adaptations in response to training.