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Trace metals in postdate pregnancy.

P Kiilholma, R Erkkola, P Pakarinen

    Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation
    |January 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Postdate pregnancy alters maternal and cord serum mineral levels, with lower maternal copper and zinc, and higher cord copper. Estriol (E3) levels also decreased in mothers with postdate pregnancies.

    Area of Science:

    • Obstetrics and Gynecology
    • Maternal-Fetal Medicine
    • Nutritional Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Postdate pregnancy, defined as delivery beyond 42 weeks gestation, can be associated with various maternal and fetal complications.
    • Nutritional status, particularly trace element concentrations, may be altered in pregnancies extending beyond term.
    • Estrogen levels, including estriol (E3), play a role in pregnancy progression and may be influenced by gestational duration.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the concentrations of key minerals (calcium, copper, iron, zinc) in maternal and cord serum of women experiencing postdate pregnancy.
    • To compare these mineral levels and serum free estriol (E3) between women with postdate pregnancies and a control group delivering at term.
    • To explore potential correlations between serum E3 and maternal serum copper levels in the context of postdate pregnancy.

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    Main Methods:

    • Serum samples were collected from 20 women with postdate pregnancies and 20 women delivering at term (control group).
    • Maternal and cord serum concentrations of calcium, copper, iron, and zinc were analyzed.
    • Serum free estriol (E3) was determined for all participants.

    Main Results:

    • Maternal serum copper and zinc concentrations were significantly lower in the postdate pregnancy group compared to the control group.
    • Cord serum copper was significantly higher in the postdate pregnancy group.
    • The fetomaternal ratio of zinc was significantly higher in the postdate group, and maternal serum E3 was significantly lower.
    • A positive correlation (r = 0.63) was observed between maternal serum E3 and maternal serum copper levels.

    Conclusions:

    • Postdate pregnancy is associated with significant alterations in maternal and fetal serum mineral profiles, specifically lower maternal copper and zinc, and higher cord copper.
    • Reduced maternal serum estriol (E3) levels in postdate pregnancies may be linked to changes in copper metabolism.
    • These findings highlight potential nutritional and hormonal shifts occurring in prolonged gestation that warrant further investigation.