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Heritability estimates for ages at farrowing, rebreeding interval and litter traits in swine

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Monohybrid Crosses01:50

Monohybrid Crosses

In the 1850s and 1860s, Gregor Mendel investigated inheritance by performing monohybrid crosses in pea plants. He crossed two plants that were true-breeding for different traits. Based on his observations, Mendel proposed that organisms inherit two copies of each trait, one from each parent, and that dominant traits can hide recessive traits. These results formed the basis of two fundamental principles in genetics: the Principle of Uniformity and the Law of Segregation.Monohybrid Crosses Reveal...
Dihybrid Crosses01:22

Dihybrid Crosses

To determine whether traits are inherited together or separately, Gregor Mendel crossed pea plants that differed in two traits. These parental plants were homozygous for both traits but displayed different phenotypes. The first generation of offspring were all dihybrids, heterozygotes exhibiting the two dominant phenotypes. When self-fertilized, the dihybrids consistently produced progeny with a 9:3:3:1 ratio of four possible phenotype combinations. This ratio suggested that inheriting one...
Pedigree Analysis02:21

Pedigree Analysis

A pedigree is a diagram displaying a family’s history of a trait. Analyzing pedigrees can reveal (1) whether a trait is dominant or recessive, (2) the type of chromosome, autosomal or sex, a trait is linked to, (3) genotypes of family members, and (4) probabilities of phenotypes in future generations. For families with a history of autosomal or sex-linked diseases, this information can be crucial to family planning.Pedigrees Display Family HistoriesIn various plant and animal species,...
Hardy-Weinberg Principle01:49

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

Diploid organisms have two alleles of each gene, one from each parent, in their somatic cells. Therefore, each individual contributes two alleles to the gene pool of the population. The gene pool of a population is the sum of every allele of all genes within that population and has some degree of variation. Genetic variation is typically expressed as a relative frequency, which is the percentage of the total population that has a given allele, genotype or phenotype.In the early 20th century,...