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The behavioural state in human perinatal life.

P Casaer, H Devlieger

    Journal of Developmental Physiology
    |June 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    Stable behavioral states emerge in neonates around 36 weeks gestational age, with activity cycles present earlier. Absence of these states indicates potential nervous system dysfunction in perinatal life.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neonatal neurology
    • Developmental neuroscience
    • Perinatal medicine

    Background:

    • Behavioral states are observable in healthy neonates from 36 weeks gestational age.
    • Younger neonates exhibit activity cycles rather than stable states.
    • In utero behavioral states are detectable from 36-38 weeks, though in-utero awake states are debated.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the development and recognition of behavioral states in neonates.
    • To explore the relationship between behavioral state regulation and breathing.
    • To highlight the significance of behavioral states as indicators of neurological function.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review on neonatal behavioral states and their development.
    • Analysis of the relationship between neural mechanisms of state cycling and breathing control.
    • Discussion of the clinical implications of altered behavioral states.

    Main Results:

    • Stable behavioral states are recognizable in neonates and fetuses from approximately 36 weeks gestational age.
    • Activity cycles are present in younger neonates and in utero.
    • A link exists between neural pathways regulating behavioral states and breathing.

    Conclusions:

    • The emergence of stable behavioral states is a key developmental milestone in late preterm and term infants.
    • The absence of behavioral states or activity cycles is a sensitive, though non-specific, marker for nervous system dysfunction in perinatal life.
    • Further research is needed to fully understand the neural underpinnings of behavioral state regulation.

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