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Morphology, function and isolation of halobacterial flagella.

M Alam, D Oesterhelt

    Journal of Molecular Biology
    |July 15, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    Halobacterium halobium utilizes right-handed helical flagella for motility, with flagellar bundle rotation driving forward and backward movement. The study details flagellar structure, protein composition, and super-flagella production in different growth phases.

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    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Cell Biology
    • Biophysics

    Background:

    • Halobacterium halobium possesses unique right-handed helical flagella.
    • Cell flagellation patterns (monopolar vs. bipolar) vary with growth phase.
    • Extracellular super-flagella are observed, particularly during stationary phase.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To characterize the structure and function of Halobacterium halobium flagella.
    • To investigate flagellar rotation mechanisms and their role in motility.
    • To analyze flagellar protein composition and extracellular flagellar structures.

    Main Methods:

    • Observation of flagellar morphology and distribution across growth phases.
    • Analysis of flagellar bundle dynamics during rotation.
    • Isolation of pure flagella using temperature and centrifugation.
    • Sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) for protein analysis.
    • Immunological assays with anti-halobacterial flagella antibodies.

    Main Results:

    • Halobacteria exhibit distinct flagellar arrangements (monopolar and bipolar) correlating with growth phases.
    • Flagellar bundle rotation (clockwise/counterclockwise) dictates forward/backward swimming.
    • Significant production of long, extracellular super-flagella occurs during stationary phase.
    • SDS-PAGE revealed three major flagellar protein bands (23.5, 26.5, and 31.5 kDa).
    • Antibodies confirmed flagellar presence and interaction even in high salt concentrations (4 M NaCl).

    Conclusions:

    • Flagellar rotation is the primary mechanism for Halobacterium halobium motility.
    • The flagellar bundle remains intact despite changes in rotation direction.
    • Super-flagella production is a notable characteristic of stationary phase Halobacteria.
    • Halobacterial flagella are composed of distinct protein subunits and are stable in high salinity.

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