Hookworm disease: nutritional implications

Iron-deficiency anemia resulting from intestinal blood loss is the major consequence of hookworm infection. Development of the anemia can be prevented, and it can be treated by administration of iron. Hypoproteinemia, often associated with hookworm infection, may be the result of either protein malnutrition or increased intestinal loss of protein. It is unlikely that the worms cause diffuse morphologic or functional alterations of the intestine. Fortification or supplementation with iron is a practical method to control hookworm disease in endemic areas.