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Related Concept Videos

Acid Suppressive Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Histamine H2-Receptor Antagonists01:28

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Histamine H2 receptors, which are intricately located on the basolateral membrane of parietal cells, play a crucial role in modulating gastric acid secretion. When released from enterochromaffin-like cells, histamine engages H2 receptors, initiating the cyclic AMP (cAMP) pathway. In this pathway, adenylyl cyclase converts ATP into cAMP, elevating intracellular cAMP levels. The activation of protein kinase A follows, stimulating the proton pump. This stimulation prompts the secretion of hydrogen...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists01:27

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5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists01:28

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists

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Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy.  SP binds and activates...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids01:21

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids

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Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a phytocannabinoid that primarily interacts with the CB1 receptor, a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) predominantly in and around the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and emetic center. THC also blocks the serotonin receptor activity in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) by inhibiting serotonin release. THC exerts its anti-emetic effects through these interactions, which are beneficial for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Drug Interactions01:25

Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Drug Interactions

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Drug interactions occur when the pharmacological effect of one drug is altered by another substance, either enhancing or diminishing its activity. The drug whose activity is altered is known as the object drug, and the substance causing the alteration is called the agent drug or the precipitant. The net effects of these interactions are mostly undesirable, leading to decreased effectiveness or increased adverse effects. In rare cases, interactions can be beneficial, such as the enhanced...
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Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Food and Drug–Viral Interactions01:26

Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Food and Drug–Viral Interactions

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A drug interaction occurs when the concurrent use of another drug, food, or an external substance alters the pharmacological activity of a drug. This interaction can modify the action of the original drug, affecting its effectiveness and safety.Drug–food interactions are significant as they impact drug absorption, metabolism, and excretion. For example, grapefruit juice is a well-known disruptor of drug metabolism. It inhibits the cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme, crucial for the metabolism of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Amide Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of Bispyridine-based Ligands and Their Complexation to Platinum as Dinuclear Anticancer Agents
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Cimetidine. I. Developments, pharmacology, and efficacy.

J W Freston

    Annals of Internal Medicine
    |October 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary

    Cimetidine effectively heals duodenal ulcers and reduces recurrence. However, its role in managing recurrent ulcers with maintenance therapy versus intermittent dosing requires further investigation.

    Area of Science:

    • Gastroenterology
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Cimetidine is a histamine H2-receptor antagonist with established efficacy in treating duodenal ulcers and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
    • Its effectiveness in managing benign gastric ulcers and reflux esophagitis is also recognized, though not as a primary therapy for the latter.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the efficacy of cimetidine in various gastrointestinal conditions.
    • To clarify the optimal dosing strategy for managing recurrent ulcer disease.
    • To assess the utility of cimetidine in preventing specific gastrointestinal complications.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing clinical evidence and therapeutic outcomes associated with cimetidine use.
    • Comparative analysis of different cimetidine dosing regimens for ulcer management.

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  • Assessment of cimetidine's role in prophylactic and therapeutic settings for gastrointestinal bleeding and aspiration.

    • Main Results:

    • Cimetidine demonstrates high efficacy in healing duodenal ulcers and reducing reulceration rates.
    • The drug is a preferred treatment for Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and effective for benign gastric ulcers.
    • Evidence suggests potential benefits in preventing gastric erosion bleeding and acid aspiration, but it is not first-line for reflux esophagitis.

    Conclusions:

    • Cimetidine is a valuable therapeutic agent for duodenal and gastric ulcers, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
    • Further research is needed to determine the superiority of maintenance versus intermittent cimetidine therapy for recurrent ulcers.
    • Cimetidine has limited or unproven efficacy in acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, pancreatitis, and other conditions.