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Oxyphil cell adenoma and hyperparathyroidism.

G V Poole, D A Albertson, R B Marshall

    Surgery
    |November 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary

    Functional oxyphil cell adenomas, though uncommon, can cause primary hyperparathyroidism. These tumors, composed of oxyphil cells, effectively secrete parathyroid hormone and resolve hypercalcemia post-surgery.

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    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Surgical Pathology

    Background:

    • Oxyphil cells in human parathyroid glands are not typically considered hormone-secreting.
    • However, functional oxyphil cell adenomas have been reported in medical literature.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of oxyphil cell adenomas in primary hyperparathyroidism.
    • To assess the secretory capacity and clinical outcomes associated with these rare tumors.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective review of 453 parathyroid explorations in 446 patients over 13 years.
    • Identification and analysis of 15 cases of hyperparathyroidism caused by oxyphil cell adenomas.
    • Immunoperoxidase and ultrastructural studies to confirm hormone content and secretory activity.

    Main Results:

    • Fifteen patients with hyperparathyroidism due to predominantly oxyphil cell adenomas were identified.
    • All patients achieved postoperative resolution of hypercalcemia with no recurrence during a mean 40-month follow-up.
    • Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural analyses confirmed parathyroid hormone within oxyphil cells, indicating secretory potential.

    Conclusions:

    • Functional oxyphil cell adenomas are an uncommon but significant cause of primary hyperparathyroidism.
    • These adenomas are capable of parathyroid hormone secretion and surgical removal effectively treats hypercalcemia.
    • Oxyphil cell adenomas occur more frequently than previously appreciated.

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