Fluorescence immunoassay in the clinical laboratory

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Analytical Chemistry
• Immunology

Background:

• Fluorescence immunoassay (FIA) is a rapidly expanding non-isotopic immunoassay technique.
• FIA is widely used for the quantification of proteins, hormones, and drugs.
• The demand for sensitive and specific diagnostic tools drives FIA development.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of current fluorescence immunoassay methodologies.
• To discuss the principles and applications of various FIA techniques.
• To highlight the advantages and growing importance of FIA in diagnostics.

Main Methods:

• Homogeneous enzyme immunoassay with fluorescence detection.
• Fluorogenic substrate detection methods.
• Fluorescence polarization detection.
• Fluorescent excitation transfer immunoassay.
• Fluorescence protection immunoassay.
• Solid-phase separation media techniques.

Main Results:

• Detailed descriptions of several FIA methodologies are presented.
• The versatility of FIA in detecting various analytes is demonstrated.
• The paper outlines the strengths of each FIA technique.

Conclusions:

• Fluorescence immunoassay is a versatile and growing technique in diagnostics.
• Various FIA methods offer different advantages for specific applications.
• FIA provides a sensitive and reliable alternative to isotopic assays.