The cochlear prosthesis: a review of the design and evaluation of electrode implants for the profoundly deaf

The paper reviews briefly processing of auditory information in the normal ear and uses the normal system as a basis of comparison with the auditory prosthesis. While brief mention is made of tactile and visual prostheses, the paper places emphasis on neural prostheses. Designs of prostheses, both early attempts and recent systems, are discussed in terms of speech processing, their parallel to the normal auditory system, neural stimulation, potential tissue damage, and longevity. The future of auditory prostheses is discussed and critical paths in the design process are suggested.