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Nonvolatile organic compounds in treated waters.

C D Watts, B Crathorne, M Fielding

    Environmental Health Perspectives
    |December 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
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    New methods are needed to analyze non-volatile organics in treated water. Researchers found freeze-drying and methanol extraction, followed by advanced chromatography and mass spectrometry, can identify disinfection by-products.

    Area of Science:

    • Environmental Chemistry
    • Analytical Chemistry
    • Water Treatment

    Background:

    • Chlorination disinfection of water produces harmful organic by-products.
    • Current analytical methods like gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyze only a fraction of water organics.
    • There's a need for better techniques to analyze non-volatile organic compounds in treated water.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate methods for isolating and analyzing non-volatile organics in treated water.
    • To characterize disinfection by-products from chlorination and ozonation.
    • To improve the understanding of complex organic mixtures in drinking water.

    Main Methods:

    • Isolation of non-volatile organics using freeze-drying and methanol extraction.
    • Separation of methanol extracts using reverse-phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Application of high-resolution size exclusion chromatography and advanced mass spectrometry for characterization.

    • Main Results:

    • The non-volatile organic fraction of chlorinated drinking water contains numerous discrete compounds.
    • Identified chlorinated compounds are likely disinfection by-products.
    • Ozonation of humic and fulvic acids yields similar non-volatile organics and can release trapped compounds.

    Conclusions:

    • Freeze-drying followed by methanol extraction is a suitable method for isolating non-volatile organics.
    • Advanced chromatography and mass spectrometry are effective for characterizing these complex mixtures.
    • Understanding disinfection by-products is crucial for ensuring water safety and exploring alternative disinfection methods like ozonation.