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Plasmid R394 is a cointegrate.

J H Hauman, R W Hedges, W F Coetzee

    Journal of General Microbiology
    |November 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Plasmids R394a and R394b, which form R394, were characterized. R394a is self-transmissible and mobilizes R394b, explaining previously observed anomalies in R394 behavior.

    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Molecular Biology
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • Plasmids are extrachromosomal DNA elements crucial for bacterial adaptation and evolution.
    • Understanding plasmid structure and function is vital for combating antibiotic resistance.
    • The behavior of plasmid R394 has presented unexplained anomalies in previous studies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To characterize the individual plasmids R394a and R394b that cointegrate to form R394.
    • To elucidate the mechanism behind the cointegration and mobilization of these plasmids.
    • To resolve the anomalies observed in the behavior of the composite R394 plasmid.

    Main Methods:

    • Determination of molecular masses of R394a and R394b using mass spectrometry.
    • Incompatibility grouping to assign plasmids to incompatibility groups T and N.

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  • Assessment of self-transmissibility and mobilization capabilities of each plasmid.

    • Main Results:

    • Plasmids R394a (102 ± 4 MDal) and R394b (11.0 ± 0.4 MDal) were identified.
    • R394a belongs to incompatibility group T and R394b to group N.
    • R394a is self-transmissible and mobilizes the non-self-transmissible R394b, explaining R394's behavior.

    Conclusions:

    • The cointegration of R394a and R394b explains the complex behavior of R394.
    • These findings clarify previous anomalies and support hypotheses based on variant phages.
    • Characterization of R394 provides insights into plasmid interactions and evolution.