[Prediabetic states and the prevention of diabetes mellitus]

Diabetes mellitus predisposition is observed in the increased insulin activity of the pancreatic islet, followed by its exhaustion, and in its congenital or postnatal decreased activity. The former is seen in obese subjects, in large-born children and their mothers or in the children, whose mothers suffered from diabetes mellitus during pregnancy. The latter is discovered in hereditary diabetes mellitus, in hypertension and angiosclerosis. To avert diabetes mellitus in predisposed subjects a fixed-calory diet should be recommended for the pancreatic islet protection. Systematic blood and urine examinations are to be performed for revealing the initial pancreatic islet damage. Prophylactic treatment of these patients is realized by endocrinologists and the selection for therapy is carried out by special physicians.