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The normal human anaerobic microflora.

G Evaldson, A Heimdahl, L Kager

    Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. Supplementum
    |January 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Anaerobic bacteria are abundant in the human body, dominating mucous membranes like the mouth, gut, and vagina. These bacteria, including cocci and gram-negative rods, play a significant role in normal microflora composition.

    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Human Microbiome Studies

    Background:

    • Anaerobic bacteria are a major component of the human microflora, particularly on mucosal surfaces.
    • Sites like the mouth, gastrointestinal tract, and female genital tract host rich anaerobic populations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To detail the prevalence and distribution of anaerobic bacteria in various human body sites.
    • To quantify bacterial concentrations and identify dominant anaerobic species in different microenvironments.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature and quantitative analyses of bacterial flora.
    • Microbiological sampling and colony-forming unit (cfu) counts from saliva, tooth surfaces, gingival scrapings, intestinal content, faeces, and vaginal samples.

    Main Results:

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    • Anaerobic bacteria significantly outnumber aerobic bacteria in the oral cavity (10:1), gingival crevice (1000:1), and vagina (10:1).
    • High bacterial concentrations (10^8–10^12 cfu/ml or cfu/g) were observed in saliva, gingival scrapings, and the colon.
    • Predominant anaerobic bacteria include cocci in the mouth, gram-negative rods in the gingival crevice, and bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, and bacteroides in the lower intestine.

    Conclusions:

    • Anaerobic bacteria are a dominant and diverse component of the human microflora across multiple body sites.
    • Understanding the distribution and types of anaerobic bacteria is crucial for comprehending normal human physiology and potential health implications.