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Abstract:
Cultures were done for 14.838 cerebro spinal fluid specimens (CSF) during 1977-1980. Positive results were obtained from 950 specimens. These were identified as 352 Klebsiella-Enterobacter (37.0%), 133 Pseudomonas (14.%), 96 Salmonella (10.1%), 65 Pneumococcus (6,9%), 51 Escherichia coli 5,4%), 50 Meningococcus (.3%), Haemophilus influenzae type B (1.0%) and 127 various miscellaneous bacteria. During the same period of time, total of Salmonella isolations from various sources were 865. These specimens were 488 stool (57.0%), 160 blood (18.6% 7) 96 CSF (11.2%) so forth. The majority of these Salmonella strains were of typhimurium serotype carrying a known antibiotic resistence plasmid. This plasmid, belonging to the fime compatibility group, present in the Salmonella typhimurium strains isolated in Middle-East countries like Iran, Israel and others, conferred resistance to the carrying strain against antibiotics like ampicillin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulphamide and tetracycline. As started to show up in Ankara too, addition of trimethoprim and gentamicin resistences to this markers were reported. These bacteria were also causing epidemics in pediatric wards of some South America countries which develops with hing rate of bacteremia and meningitis complications as it is in our hospital.
Insights
Cerebrospinal fluid cultures revealed common bacterial pathogens, with Klebsiella-Enterobacter predominating. Salmonella typhimurium strains carrying antibiotic resistance plasmids were prevalent, posing significant public health concerns.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Clinical Infectious Diseases
- Bacterial Pathogenesis
Context:
- Analysis of 14,838 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens cultured between 1977-1980.
- Identification of 950 positive bacterial cultures from CSF.
- Overview of bacterial isolates including Klebsiella-Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, and others.
Purpose:
- To characterize the spectrum of bacterial pathogens identified in CSF specimens.
- To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of Salmonella isolates from various sources.
- To examine antibiotic resistance patterns in Salmonella typhimurium.
Summary:
- Klebsiella-Enterobacter (37.0%) was the most frequent isolate from CSF, followed by Pseudomonas (14.0%) and Salmonella (10.1%).
- Salmonella typhimurium strains, particularly those from the Middle East, carried a plasmid conferring resistance to multiple antibiotics.
- Emerging resistance to trimethoprim and gentamicin was noted in Salmonella strains, alongside established resistances.
Impact:
- Highlights the significant burden of bacterial meningitis and bacteremia caused by various pathogens.
- Underscores the growing threat of multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhimurium, necessitating updated treatment guidelines.
- Provides historical data on bacterial meningitis epidemiology and antibiotic resistance trends.