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Computerized axial tomography in chronic partial epilepsies.

G Bauer, U Mayr, A Pallua

    Epilepsia
    |June 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study found that computed tomography (CT) scans revealed abnormalities in over half of adult epilepsy patients, often correlating with brain damage or tumors. Epilepsy onset after age 15 increased the likelihood of CT findings.

    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Radiology
    • Epileptology

    Background:

    • Chronic epilepsy in adults presents diagnostic challenges.
    • Identifying the etiology of partial seizures is crucial for management.
    • Computed axial tomography (CAT) and electroencephalography (EEG) are key diagnostic tools.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the utility of CAT scans in diagnosing the cause of chronic partial seizures in adults.
    • To correlate CAT findings with clinical presentation, EEG, and neurological examination.
    • To determine if epilepsy onset age influences the likelihood of identifying pathology via CAT.

    Main Methods:

    • 187 adult patients with chronic epilepsy underwent EEG and CAT scans.
    • Exclusion criteria included acute seizures, known tumor epilepsy, and rapidly progressing neurological disease.

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  • Data on seizure types, etiology, and diagnostic test results were analyzed.

    • Main Results:

    • CAT scans were abnormal in 54% of patients.
    • EEG provided the highest rate of localizing signs (78.1%), followed by neurological examination (58.3%) and CAT (28.9%).
    • Localized CAT pathology correlated significantly with residual brain scars, tumors, and localized neurological/EEG findings, but not with seizure type. Epilepsy onset after age 15 was associated with higher rates of abnormal CAT findings.

    Conclusions:

    • CAT scans are valuable in identifying underlying pathologies in adult chronic epilepsy, particularly when epilepsy begins after age 15.
    • While EEG and neurological exams offer better localization, CAT findings correlate with specific etiologies like brain damage and tumors.
    • Further investigation into the specific types of residual brain damage and their relationship with partial seizures is warranted.