Exfoliative cytology in experimental infections with Schistosoma haematobium

An association between carcinoma of the urinary bladder and Schistosoma haematobium infection, one of the major schistosomiases of humans, has led to extensive investigations of this disease at the laboratory level. It has been demonstrated that the S. haematobium-capuchin monkey (Cebus apella) combination offers an excellent model for multidisciplinary, in-depth observations. Exfoliative cytology, developed as one of several approaches used to follow general pathobiology of the urogenital system, has presented a more sophisticated means of studying vesical schistosomiasis and associated host-parasite relationships.